Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is:
- An autoimmune condition: It is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in insulin deficiency.
- Not caused by lifestyle or fault: T1D is not due to diet, exercise, or any past actions; it is often described as "luck of the draw," and education is important to reduce guilt and misunderstanding.
- Influenced by genetics and environmental factors: Certain genes (e.g., in the HLA region) increase susceptibility, and environmental triggers like viruses may initiate autoimmune attacks in genetically predisposed individuals.
- Associated with other autoimmune diseases: T1D frequently coexists with other autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, Addison’s disease, and celiac disease, which can affect prognosis and management.
Educating families about the cause and supporting children to live full, healthy lives despite the diagnosis is essential.
